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Trading Strategy documentation
  • Documention home
  • Getting started
  • Overview
    • About Trading Strategy
    • Vault data
    • Supported markets and venues
    • Accessing market data
    • Tooling
    • Oracles
  • Developing strategies
    • Setting up development environment
      • Github Codespaces
      • Visual Studio Code Dev Container for Jupyter Notebooks
      • Docker development image
      • PyCharm
      • Local Python installation
      • Google Colab
      • Binder development
    • Trading strategy examples
    • Code examples
      • Getting started coding tutorial (old)
      • Drawing DEX prices using OHLCV candle charts
      • Interactive charts
      • Technical analysis
      • Exploring trading pairs
      • Finding low fee trading pairs
      • Preface
      • Liquidity analysis
      • Price impact estimation
      • Query pool liquidity on a decentralised exchange
      • Dataset download
      • Charts and diagrams (old)
      • Lending protocols and short/long leverage data
      • Loading exchange, pair, and candlestick data for Uniswap V3
      • Streaming JSONL data
    • Market data format details
      • Market data client
      • OHLCV Candle format
      • Tracked trading pairs and tokens
      • US dollar price conversion
      • Trading pair naming conventions
      • Internal ids
      • Token tax and deflationary tokens
      • Good trading pairs to start with
      • Wrapped tokens
      • Profitability calculations
    • Troubleshooting
    • Internal development process
  • Architecture
    • Architecture overview
    • Command line application
    • Webhook server
    • Strategy types
    • Serialisation
    • Unit testing
  • Deploying live trading strategies
    • Trade-executor command
    • Live trading modes
    • Strategy metadata
    • Hot wallet deployment
    • Vault deployment
    • Website and monitoring
    • Managing Docker images
    • Turning backtest to an executable live trading strategy
    • Troubleshooting live trade execution deployments
    • Repairing frozen trading positions
    • Vault manual transactions
  • Learn algorithmic trading
    • To follow
    • Conference presentations and videos
    • Books on algorithmic trading
    • Online courses on algorithmic trading
    • Tutorials on algorithmic trading
    • AI and machine learning
    • Papers about algorithmic trading
    • Statistical Arbitrage Papers
    • Blog posts about algorithmic trading
    • Python
    • Jupyter Notebook learning material
    • Algorithmic trading frameworks for Python
    • Communities around algorithmic trading
    • Develop tools and Jupyter Notebook environments
    • Charting solutions for Python
    • Additional algorithmic trading links
    • Developing portfolio construction trading strategies
  • Glossary
  • API reference
    • Market data client
      • client
        • BaseClient
        • Client
      • chain
        • ChainId
      • exchange
        • Exchange
        • ExchangeType
        • ExchangeUniverse
      • pair
        • DEXPair
        • LegacyPairUniverse
        • PandasPairUniverse
        • generate_address_columns
        • resolve_pairs_based_on_ticker
      • candle
        • Candle
        • CandleResult
        • GroupedCandleUniverse
        • TradingPairDataAvailability
        • is_candle_green
        • is_candle_red
      • liquidity
        • GroupedLiquidityUniverse
        • LiquidityResult
        • ResampledLiquidityUniverse
        • XYLiquidity
      • trade
        • Trade
      • timebucket
        • TimeBucket
      • token
        • Token
      • reader
        • read_parquet
      • priceimpact
        • HistoricalXYPriceImpactCalculator
        • LiquiditySampleMeasure
        • PriceImpact
        • estimate_xyk_price_impact
      • stablecoin
        • is_stablecoin_like
      • types
      • utils
        • aggregate_ohlcv
          • AggregateId
          • aggregate_ohlcv_across_pairs
          • build_aggregate_map
          • calculate_volume_weighted_ohlcv
          • make_aggregate_id
        • columnar
          • iterate_columnar_dicts
        • df_index
          • flatten_dataframe_datetime_index
          • get_timestamp_index
        • flexible_pickle
          • BrokenEnumValue
          • FlexibleUnpickler
          • filter_broken_enum_values
          • flexible_load
          • flexible_loads
        • format
          • format_duration_days_hours_mins
          • format_percent
          • format_percent_2_decimals
          • format_price
          • format_value
          • string_to_eth_address
        • forward_fill
          • fill_future_gap
          • fill_future_gap_multi_pair
          • forward_fill
          • forward_fill_ohlcv_single_pair
          • generate_future_filler_data
          • pad_dataframe_to_frequency
          • resample_candles
          • resample_candles_multiple_pairs
          • xxx_forward_fill
        • gap
          • Gap
          • detect_frequency
          • detect_timestamp_gaps
          • equalise_timestamp_index
          • fill_missing_ohlcv
        • groupeduniverse
          • PairGroupedUniverse
          • filter_for_pairs
          • filter_for_single_pair
          • resample_dataframe
          • resample_price_series
          • resample_rolling
          • resample_series
        • jupyter
          • JupyterOutputMode
          • display_with_styles
          • format_links_for_html_output
          • get_notebook_output_mode
          • is_pyodide
          • make_clickable
        • liquidity_filter
          • build_liquidity_summary
          • get_liquidity_today
          • get_somewhat_realistic_max_liquidity
          • get_top_liquidity_pairs_by_base_token
          • prefilter_pairs_with_tvl
        • logging_retry
          • LoggingRetry
        • mapper
        • schema
          • append_to_columnar_work_buffer
          • create_columnar_work_buffer
          • create_pyarrow_schema_for_dataclass
          • map_field_to_arrow
          • unmappable
        • time
          • assert_compatible_timestamp
          • ceil_month
          • floor_month
          • floor_pandas_month
          • floor_pandas_week
          • from_iso
          • generate_monthly_timestamps
          • get_prior_timestamp
          • is_compatible_timestamp
          • naive_utcfromtimestamp
          • naive_utcnow
          • to_int_unix_timestamp
          • to_iso
          • to_unix_timestamp
        • token_extra_data
          • filter_scams
          • load_extra_metadata
          • load_token_metadata
        • token_filter
          • StablecoinFilteringMode
          • add_base_quote_address_columns
          • deduplicate_pairs_by_volume
          • filter_by_token_sniffer_score
          • filter_for_base_tokens
          • filter_for_blacklisted_tokens
          • filter_for_chain
          • filter_for_derivatives
          • filter_for_exchange
          • filter_for_exchange_ids
          • filter_for_exchange_slugs
          • filter_for_exchanges
          • filter_for_nonascii_tokens
          • filter_for_quote_tokens
          • filter_for_rebases
          • filter_for_selected_pairs
          • filter_for_stablecoins
          • filter_for_trading_fee
          • filter_pairs_default
          • is_derivative
          • is_rebase
        • wrangle
          • examine_anomalies
          • examine_price_between_time_anomalies
          • filter_bad_wicks
          • fix_bad_wicks
          • fix_dex_price_data
          • fix_prices_in_between_time_frames
          • heal_anomalies
          • normalise_volume
          • remove_min_max_price
          • remove_zero_candles
      • transport
        • base
          • BaseTransport
        • cache
          • CacheStatus
          • CachedHTTPTransport
          • OHLCVCandleType
        • cache_utils
          • wait_other_writers
        • data_trigger
          • wait_for_data
        • jsonl
          • load_candles_jsonl
          • load_token_metadata_jsonl
          • load_trading_strategy_like_jsonl_data
        • pair_candle_cache
          • PairCandleCache
          • PairCandleInfo
          • PairCandleMetadata
          • PairFetchPartition
        • progress_enabled_download
          • download_with_tqdm_progress_bar
        • pyodide
        • token_cache
          • TokenCacheEntry
          • calculate_token_cache_summary
          • display_token_metadata
          • read_token_cache
      • charting
        • candle_chart
          • VolumeBarMode
          • create_label
          • make_candle_labels
          • validate_ohclv_dataframe
          • validate_plot_info
          • visualise_ohlcv
      • testing
        • mock_client
          • MockClient
      • top
        • TopPairData
        • TopPairMethod
        • TopPairsReply
      • binance
        • constants
          • split_binance_symbol
        • downloader
          • BinanceDownloader
          • clean_time_series_data
          • get_binance_interval
          • get_indices_of_uneven_intervals
        • utils
          • add_info_columns_to_ohlc
          • generate_exchange_for_binance
          • generate_exchange_universe_for_binance
          • generate_lending_reserve_for_binance
          • generate_pair_for_binance
          • generate_pairs_for_binance
      • alternative_data
        • coingecko
          • CoingeckoClient
          • CoingeckoEntry
          • CoingeckoUniverse
          • categorise_pairs
          • fetch_top_coins
        • vault
          • convert_vault_prices_to_candles
          • convert_vaults_to_trading_pairs
          • create_vault_universe
          • load_multiple_vaults
          • load_single_vault
          • load_vault_database
          • load_vault_database_with_metadata
          • load_vault_price_data
      • qstrader
        • DEXAsset
        • TradingStrategyDataSource
        • analyse_portfolio_development
        • analyse_trade_history
        • create_portfolio_snapshot
        • prepare_candles_for_qstrader
      • direct_feed
        • conversion
          • CurrencyConversion
          • convert_to_float
        • dash
        • direct_feed_pair
        • ohlcv_aggregate
          • OHLCVCandle
          • get_feed_for_pair
          • resample_trades_into_ohlcv
          • truncate_ohlcv
        • timeframe
          • Timeframe
        • trade_store
          • ParquetFileStore
          • TradeFeedStore
        • warn
          • disable_pandas_warnings
    • Trade execution engine
      • state
        • other_data
          • OtherData
        • pickle_over_json
          • decode_pickle_over_json
          • encode_pickle_over_json
        • position_internal_share_price
          • PositionInternalSharePriceState
        • revaluation
          • RevalueEvent
        • trigger
          • Trigger
          • TriggerCondition
          • TriggerType
        • types
        • valuation
          • ValuationUpdate
      • strategy
        • chart
          • standard
        • default_routing_options
          • TradeRouting
        • engine_version
        • freqtrade
          • config
            • AsterExchangeConfig
            • FreqtradeConfig
            • FreqtradeDepositMethod
            • FreqtradeWithdrawalMethod
            • HyperliquidExchangeConfig
            • OnChainTransferExchangeConfig
            • OrderlyExchangeConfig
          • freqtrade_client
            • FreqtradeClient
        • pandas_trader
        • qstrader
        • reserve_currency
          • ReserveCurrency
        • strategy_cycle_trigger
          • StrategyCycleTrigger
        • strategy_type
          • StrategyType
        • tag
          • StrategyTag
        • weighting
          • check_normalised_weights
          • clip_to_normalised
          • normalise_weights
          • weight_by_1_slash_n
          • weight_by_1_slash_signal
          • weight_by_blend
          • weight_by_log
          • weight_by_softmax
          • weight_equal
          • weight_passthrouh
      • analysis
        • curve
          • CurveType
        • grid_search_format
          • build_format_dict
          • build_gradient_colour_map
          • generate_grey_alpha
          • get_group_colour_palette
          • normalise_enum_values
        • regime
          • Regime
          • RegimeRegion
          • get_regime_signal_regions
      • visual
        • bullbear
          • visualise_market_regime_filter
          • visualise_raw_market_regime_indicator
        • custom_indicators
          • calculate_on_balance_volume
        • image_output
          • open_bytes_in_browser
          • open_plotly_figure_in_browser
          • render_plotly_figure_as_image_file
        • palette
          • format_blog_post_figure
          • generate_sepia_palette
          • hacker_crt_green_palette
        • qs_wrapper
          • import_quantstats_wrapped
      • backtest
        • notebook
      • ethereum
        • aave_v3
        • cctp
        • cowswap
        • enzyme
        • one_delta
        • revert
          • clean_revert_reason_message
        • uniswap_v2
        • uniswap_v3
        • vault
      • cli
        • commands
          • pair_mapping
            • construct_identifier_from_pair
            • parse_pair_data
          • shared_options
            • PositionType
            • TradeType
            • parse_comma_separated_list
            • required_option
        • discord
          • get_discord_logging_handler
          • post_logging_discord_image
        • latest_release
          • main
        • log
          • get_ring_buffer_handler
          • setup_custom_log_levels
          • setup_discord_logging
          • setup_file_logging
          • setup_in_memory_logging
          • setup_logging
          • setup_logstash_logging
          • setup_notebook_logging
          • setup_pytest_logging
          • setup_sentry_logging
          • setup_strategy_logging
          • setup_telegram_logging
        • version_info
          • VersionInfo
        • watchdog
          • WatchdogMode
          • check_hung_workers
          • create_watchdog_registry
          • get_last_ping
          • get_timeout
          • get_watched_workers
          • mark_alive
          • register_worker
          • start_background_watchdog
          • stop_watchdog
          • suicide
      • utils
        • accuracy
          • ensure_exact_zero
          • setup_decimal_accuracy
          • snap_to_epsilon
          • sum_decimal
        • cpu
          • get_safe_max_workers_count
          • is_running_in_ipython
        • crossover
          • contains_cross_over
          • contains_cross_under
        • dataclass
          • EthereumAddress
          • UTCFriendlyDataClassJsonMixin
        • dedent
          • dedent_any
          • strip_except_newlines
        • default_strategies
          • get_default_strategies_path
        • format
          • calculate_percentage
        • fullname
          • get_object_full_name
        • hex
          • hexbytes_to_hex_str
        • increasing
          • is_monotonically_decreasing
          • is_monotonically_increasing
        • jupyter_notebook_folder
          • get_strategies_folder
        • jupyter_notebook_name
          • get_notebook_file_from_within_notebook
          • get_notebook_id
          • path
        • list
          • get_linearly_sampled_items
        • notebook
          • OutputMode
          • display_dataframe_with_html
          • interactive_plotly_renderer
          • set_large_plotly_chart_font
          • set_notebook_logging
          • setup_charting_and_output
        • price
          • is_legit_price_value
        • profile
          • profiled
        • python_function
          • hash_function
        • python_module_loader
          • extract_module_members
          • import_python_source_file
        • ring_buffer_logging_handler
          • ExportedRecord
          • RingBufferHandler
        • slippage
          • get_slippage_in_bps
        • sort
          • unique_sort
        • summarydataframe
          • Format
          • Value
          • as_bars
          • as_decimal
          • as_dollar
          • as_duration
          • as_integer
          • as_missing
          • as_percent
          • create_summary_table
          • format_value
          • format_values
        • timestamp
          • convert_and_validate_timestamp
          • convert_and_validate_timestamp_as_float
          • convert_and_validate_timestamp_as_int
          • json_decode_timedelta
          • json_encode_timedelta
        • token
        • typing
        • url
          • get_url_domain
          • redact_url_password
      • webhook
        • error
          • convert_to_api_error_response
          • error_tween_factory
          • exception_response
          • exception_view
        • events
          • add_cors_headers
        • json_helper
          • NaNToNullEncoder
      • testing
        • pytest_helpers
          • is_failed_test
        • synthetic_ethereum_data
          • generate_random_ethereum_address
      • monkeypatch
        • cloudpickle_patch
          • reducer_override
        • plotly
          • fix_trace_x_axis_dates
        • quantstats
    • Technical analysis
      • Statistics
        • entropy
        • kurtosis
        • mad
        • median
        • skew
        • stdev
        • tos_stdevall
        • variance
        • zscore
      • Overlap and moving averages
        • alma
        • dema
        • ema
        • fwma
        • hilo
        • hl2
        • hlc3
        • hma
        • hwma
        • ichimoku
        • jma
        • kama
        • linreg
        • ma
        • mcgd
        • midpoint
        • midprice
        • ohlc4
        • pwma
        • rma
        • sinwma
        • sma
        • ssf
        • supertrend
        • swma
        • t3
        • tema
        • trima
        • vidya
        • vwap
        • vwma
        • wcp
        • wma
        • zlma
      • Trend indicators
        • adx
        • amat
        • aroon
        • chop
        • cksp
        • decay
        • decreasing
        • dpo
        • increasing
        • long_run
        • psar
        • qstick
        • short_run
        • tsignals
        • ttm_trend
        • vhf
        • vortex
        • xsignals
      • Momentum indicators
        • ao
        • apo
        • bias
        • bop
        • brar
        • cci
        • cfo
        • cg
        • cmo
        • coppock
        • cti
        • dm
        • er
        • eri
        • fisher
        • inertia
        • kdj
        • kst
        • macd
        • mom
        • pgo
        • ppo
        • psl
        • pvo
        • qqe
        • roc
        • rsi
        • rsx
        • rvgi
        • slope
        • smi
        • squeeze
        • squeeze_pro
        • stc
        • stoch
        • stochrsi
        • td_seq
        • trix
        • tsi
        • uo
        • willr
      • Volatility indicators
        • aberration
        • accbands
        • atr
        • bbands
        • donchian
        • hwc
        • kc
        • massi
        • natr
        • pdist
        • rvi
        • thermo
        • true_range
        • ui
      • Volume based indicators
        • ad
        • adosc
        • aobv
        • cmf
        • efi
        • eom
        • kvo
        • mfi
        • nvi
        • obv
        • pvi
        • pvol
        • pvr
        • pvt
        • vp
      • Candle pattern indicators
        • cdl_doji
        • cdl_inside
        • cdl_pattern
        • cdl_z
        • ha
      • Market cycles
        • ebsw
      • Portfolio performance
        • drawdown
        • log_return
        • percent_return
    • Web3 Ethereum DeFi
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Candle pattern indicators#

Documentation for About pandas_ta Python package.

pandas_ta.candles.cdl_doji(open_, high, low, ...)

Candle Type: Doji

pandas_ta.candles.cdl_inside(open_, high, ...)

Candle Type: Inside Bar

pandas_ta.candles.cdl_pattern(open_, high, ...)

Candle Pattern

pandas_ta.candles.cdl_z(open_, high, low, close)

Candle Type: Z

pandas_ta.candles.ha(open_, high, low, close)

Heikin Ashi Candles (HA)

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Trading Strategy is in beta and still under development. Any documentation is preliminary and not final.